Orgo.ai - 25

Created on September 01, 2025

2025   ·   AI/ML



Topics


Robots in Space


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Medical 3D Images

  • 4D data acquisition is difficult, and annotations are scarce. Training or validating 4D reconstruction/generative models requires a large amount of high-quality medical scan data with a time series dimension (different phases, different time points, different patients, different lesions)—this data is difficult to collect/share and often raises privacy/ethical concerns.

  • Generation/reconstruction security/reliability. Medical diagnosis demands extremely high stability and accuracy in details. Generative models may “hallucinate” (fake organ structures and textures)—even if the image looks “realistic,” it may not accurately reflect the actual lesion. This poses a fatal risk to diagnosis. Many reviews mention that these concerns are a major challenge for diffusion-based reconstruction.


Vision Imparied


Global Spacecraft & Mission Vehicle

Category Representative Systems Main Hardware Components Main Software / Control Systems Primary Functions
Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV) 📍SpaceX Falcon 9 / Falcon Heavy / Starship, Blue Origin New Glenn, CNSA Long March 9 (under dev.) 1st & 2nd stages, LOX–fuel tanks, Raptor/Merlin engines, grid fins, landing legs Flight computer (FalconCore), guidance & navigation (GNC), real-time telemetry stack Lift payloads from Earth to orbit; re-entry & reuse
Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELV) Ariane 6, ULA Vulcan, Rocket Lab Electron, JAXA H3 Multi-stage rocket bodies, solid/liquid boosters, fairing, avionics bay On-board guidance SW, telemetry bus, stage-separation logic One-time orbital delivery of satellites / probes
Crewed Spacecraft / Capsules Crew Dragon (SpaceX), Orion (NASA), Shenzhou (CNSA) Pressurized capsule, docking adapter, life-support ECLSS, heat shield, parachutes Flight management SW, docking autopilot, life-support control Transport astronauts to LEO / Moon / ISS
Cargo Spacecraft Dragon Cargo, Cygnus (Northrop), Tianzhou (CNSA) Uncrewed capsule, pressurized module, solar arrays, propulsion unit Autonomous rendezvous / docking SW, power management system Deliver supplies / experiments to space stations
Space Station Modules ISS, Tiangong, Gateway (ESA/NASA) Pressurized habitat modules, truss structure, solar arrays, radiators, robotic arms Environmental control SW, robotic manipulation SW (Canadarm), telemetry network Long-term habitation and experiments
Lunar / Planetary Landers Perseverance Rover, Chang’e Lander, Vikram (India) Descent stage, landing legs, radar altimeter, cameras, drills, sample arm Terrain-relative navigation, hazard avoidance AI, autonomous descent logic Soft-land and operate on planetary surface
Rovers (Surface Mobiles) Curiosity, Perseverance, Yutu, Rosalind Franklin Mobility chassis, wheels/tracks, robotic arm, camera mast, instruments Autonomous navigation stack (Vision / SLAM / Path Planning), tele-ops SW Surface exploration and sampling
Orbiters / Probes Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, JUICE (ESA), Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter Bus structure, high-gain antenna, solar arrays, sensors, propulsion Attitude & orbit control (AOCS), data compression & transmission SW Long-term observation of planets / moons
Space Telescopes Hubble, JWST, Euclid, Roman Space Telescope Optical assembly, mirrors, cryocoolers, detectors, attitude control Fine guidance system, pointing SW, image processing pipeline Deep-space astronomy and imaging
Satellite Constellations Starlink, OneWeb, Galileo, BeiDou Small satellite bus, phased-array antenna, electric thrusters Network routing SW, autonomous collision avoidance, fleet control Global communications / navigation
Small Sats / CubeSats Planet Labs Dove, ETH CHESS, NASA MarCO Cube bus (1U-12U), solar panels, radio transceiver, micro thruster Open-source flight SW (FreeRTOS, COSMOS), attitude control algorithms Low-cost Earth observation & tech demo
Deep Space Probes Voyager, New Horizons, OSIRIS-REx, Hayabusa 2 RTG power unit, high-gain antenna, science payload, propulsion Long-range communication protocols, autonomous fault recovery SW Interplanetary exploration / sample return
Space Tugs / Transfer Vehicles Momentus Vigoride, Northrop MEV Propulsion module (ion or chemical), docking adapter, avionics Rendezvous SW, orbit optimization planner Move satellites between orbits / extend lifetimes
Upper Stages / Kick Stages Falcon Upper Stage, Rocket Lab Photon Engine + propellant tank, avionics pod, payload adapter Burn sequence SW, guidance loop Final orbit insertion / payload deployment
Re-entry / Heat Protection Subsystems Dragon PICA-X shield, Orion AVCOAT Ablative material, heat sensors, ceramic tiles Thermal simulation SW, event-trigger controller Protect vehicle during atmospheric re-entry
Avionics / Flight Computers SpaceX F9 FCC, ESA OBDH, NASA RAD750 Radiation-hardened CPU, power bus, sensors I/O Real-time OS (VxWorks, RTEMS), fault-tolerant control Central brain for vehicle operations
Ground Segment Systems SpaceX Mission Control, ESA ESOC, NASA JPL DSN Ground antennas, tracking stations, server clusters Mission control SW, telemetry database, visualization tools Command uplink / data downlink / mission monitoring


Domain Expertise / Task Specific

Domain Leaders / Strengths
Reusable Launch Vehicles SpaceX, Rocket Lab (small-scale)
Deep-Space Science NASA, ESA, JAXA
Satellite Constellations SpaceX (Starlink), OneWeb, China (GuoWang)
Robotic Exploration / Rovers NASA (JPL), CNSA, ESA ExoMars
Human Spaceflight SpaceX Crew Dragon, NASA Orion, CNSA Shenzhou
Software Innovation / AI Autonomy SpaceX (rapid iteration), NASA Autonomy Lab, ETH Space Robotics



Era Research Object Experimental Unit Driving Force
Classical Robotics Physical mechanism Mechanical system Control & kinematics
Embodied AI Cognitive policy Virtual embodiment Perception & learning
Foundation Robotics (Now) Unified neural world model Differentiable environment Data & simulation scale



Some Reading Notes for 2025



Project 1 Visualization



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